Trust but verify: A narrative analysis of “trusted” tech supply chains
The contours of global supply chains in the 2020s and beyond will be shaped by the evolving understandings of “trust.” This...
The contours of global supply chains in the 2020s and beyond will be shaped by the evolving understandings of “trust.” This...
The COVID-19 pandemic has mutated into a global political economy crisis, with new fault lines emerging along market shares and intellectual...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. Imagine a world where you could do what you love, teach what...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. Over the last two decades, the People’s Republic of...
Executive Summary India has crossed a structural threshold: clean energy is no longer a climate choice; it is now economic...
Executive Summary Read the report here. All views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and do not...
The India AI Impact Summit 2026, held in New Delhi from 16 to 20 February, concluded with the adoption of the...
Introduction Towards Viksit Bharat As we cross the quarter-way mark of the present century, India’s journey towards its vision of Viksit...
Attribution: Nilanjan Ghosh and Ambar Kumar Ghosh, Eds., A Vision of Water Governance for Viksit Bharat@2047: Markets, Institutions, and Imperatives, Observer...
Climate change is posing unprecedented threats to food and nutritional security across the world, including in India, undermining the pillars of...
Women play a pivotal yet often unrecognised role across all stages of the agricultural value chain, spanning production, processing, marketing, and...
Shifts in US strategy, the erosion of Iran’s regional power, and the Gulf’s growing economic momentum may collectively create new opportunities...
Attribution: Samir Saran and Vinia Mukherjee, Eds., Identities, Contests, and Concerts, Observer Research Foundation, March 2026. Editors’ Note In an...
Connectivity in Central Asia is no longer about bridges, railways, or ports alone; it is about power and influence—who shapes the...
Ties to trusted partners and allies have become central for the United States to win the AI race. AI leadership is...
Amid rising power politics and a weakening multilateral system, Agenda 2030 is faltering. Emerging powers must forge alliances to revive SDG...
Securing cyberspace extends beyond the protection of ICT networks and systems to include threats that compromise individual safety, digital rights, and the...
As much of the Middle East remains fractured, the Gulf is leveraging aviation, maritime power, infrastructure, and digital networks to transform...
This brief is part of the series: Raisina Edit 2026 In future conflicts, the side that better prepares its...
In an era of strategic rivalry and fractured consensus, the future of multilateralism lies not in restoring hegemony but in building...
Africa must shift from managing aid and debt to designing diversified capital structures that anchor growth in domestic finance and genuine...
Rather than abandoning hydrocarbons, Gulf economies are building a layered export model that combines LNG, hydrogen, ammonia, clean electricity, and carbon...
REEs have become a central arena of US–China strategic rivalry, with China’s dominance across the full production cycle giving it powerful...
To navigate the dynamic international order, Asia will have to balance principles and pragmatism — until it no longer has to...
Introduction In 2023, electricity generation in the United States (US), which accounted for 15 percent of global electricity generation, declined by...
Executive Summary This report analyses the benefits that Indian travellers can derive from UAE-India air services liberalisation. This is part of...
Global labour migration has been instrumental in shaping how societies are formed and how economies function. Since the establishment of ancient...
Global labour migration has been instrumental in shaping how societies are formed and how economies function. Since the establishment of ancient...
The belief that once science has established a limit to temperature increases, every nation will optimise activities to meet the goal...
BRICS’s growing appeal reflects a shifting world order as nations seek flexible, multipolar cooperation over rigid Western-led frameworks. Will it deliver?...
South Africa’s G20 presidency must fire the ‘reform gun’–turning pledges on debt relief, climate finance, and trade justice into real action...
As the US-China rivalry intensifies, the middle powers must decide whether they want to be the norm-setters or let the world...
ASEAN must reinforce its unity and centrality, leveraging strategic partnerships like India to navigate shifting geopolitics. Image Source: Getty This article...
Myanmar serves as a litmus test to China’s ability to secure BRI investments without violating its non-interference principle. Image Source: Getty ...
Amid the economic downturn of the global economy during the early 2020s, Russia’s economy has demonstrated notable resilience and growth ...
Malaysia’s 2025 ASEAN chairmanship comes at a critical juncture, as it seeks to strengthen regionalism, inter-regional ties, and Global South cooperation...
In an increasingly competitive geopolitical landscape, choosing between AI Safety and AI Security is quickly becoming a pressing concern for the...
The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement signals a major test for global climate governance, raising concerns over multilateralism’s resilience and future. Image.
Regional governments in India and South Korea are shaping Asia’s climate future—Will national policies keep pace with their ambitious transition plans?...
With climate-induced losses soaring, green finance must adapt by scaling investment, mitigating risks, and ensuring financial resilience in a warming world...
As Bahrain navigates its ties with Iran, Trump’s return could shift the equation—will rapprochement persist, or will US pressure stall progress?...
With terrorists increasingly leveraging generative AI, the EU has swiftly incorporated AI into its counterterrorism strategy, ensuring a balance between innovation,...
As Trump 2.0 toughens US’ AI export policies, the US-China tech war intensifies, testing alliances and sparking a global race for...
As Trump 2.0 redefines transatlantic ties, Europe faces reduced US support, political rifts, and pressure to take charge of its security...
As aging populations grow, nations turn to longevity diplomacy—using health policies, biotech, and therapeutics to enhance soft power and global leadership....
Editors’ Note “later that night i held an atlas in my lapran my fingers across thewhole worldand whisperedwhere does...
As Africa continues its digital transformation, public-private cooperation will be pivotal in realising its vision of becoming a digital powerhouse Image...
The battle for the ocean floor is intensifying—seabed warfare now threatens global connectivity, energy security, and the future of geopolitical stability...
Introduction The Quadrilateral Security Initiative (Quad) was established in 2007 following a senior official-level meeting between Australia, India, Japan, and the...
Introduction India faces an urgent water crisis as a result of population growth, rapid urbanisation, and climate change. The country’s per...
Australia must leverage its maritime geography and stake in the QUAD to foster keener partnerships and tackle challenges to regional stability...
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) sit at the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and are the...
Desperate to get around international isolation and seeking to co-opt new ‘friendly states’, Moscow seems ready to make allowance for the...
NATO and India share common values of freedom and democracy and an interest in a stable and secure Indo-Pacific Image Source: Depositphotos...
India’s goal of reaching net zero presents a crucial challenge and opportunity. Its success depends on financing key sectors effectively, thus,...
An inductive approach to AI development can improve the data foundation for discussions and mobilise a wider coalition advocating for its...
Executive Summary The social cost of the plastics industry in India is estimated at US$62 – 96 billion for the year 2023.(The social...
Recent geopolitical realignments have created a state of uncertainty in the global economy. Supply chain disruptions, which began with the COVID-19...
Introduction An ambitious and articulate Bharat is reimagining its global engagement at a time when cracks are appearing in the post-1945...
Introduction Opportunities and disruptions arising in the Indo-Pacific region can be addressed through economic cooperation strategies that can recognise and include...
Despite detractions, the Quad must continue to do what it is doing—to focus on delivery of its promises and to build...
While ASEAN is an essential player in Indo-Pacific affairs, its influence over the emerging security shifts in the region is being...
Ensuring health security is a simple task, albeit not a simplistic one; it will require us to invest domestically in preparedness...
With Artificial Intelligence (AI) under increasing regulatory scrutiny, there is a concerted effort to dissect the dualistic nature of this technology...
Amidst the war in Gaza, the surge of alternative news media outlets and social media has significantly bolstered support for the...
Cities of the future must have sustainable mobility baked into the core planning process with the ultimate goal of meeting transport...
By unlocking the youth’s potential, we build a more prosperous, healthier, and empowering future for them, for the nation, and for...
Over the years, India has witnessed a concerning surge in climate-induced disasters, posing significant challenges to the country’s overall resilience. The country...
Editors’ Note Armageddon / ˌɑːməˈɡɛdn / noun The end of days. Pralaya / ˈpɹʌləjə /&nb
Climate-Smart Agriculture holds promise in building a robust agri-food system amidst the intensifying effects of climate change, however, there is a...
As the world navigates through Cold War 2.0, the interplay between the US and the DragonBear alliance will underpin much of...
Countries are increasingly adopting green taxonomies to foster a sustainable finance market to attract international investors This article is part of...
As terrorists and violent extremists adapt their online tactics in the era of AI, counterterrorism efforts should also evolve, employing new...
Ensuring the safety of the most vulnerable is the most pressing concern on our path towards a more secure cyberspace This...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2024 Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is a buzzword that militaries worldwide...
Executive Summary In a rapidly changing world, the pursuit of health equity and inclusion remains at the forefront of countries’ goals....
Edited by Malancha Chakrabarty & Navdeep Suri The COVID-19 pandemic has completely altered the global political and economic landscape. The old...
Key strategic changes over the past few years increase the likelihood of the EU being dragged into a military conflict in...
Central and Eastern Europe have activated the geopolitical dimension of the EU and showcased their importance in shaping the EU’s future...
How well are the needs of non-G7 countries being reflected in the negotiations for a “pandemic treaty”? This article is part...
Educational institutions can play a huge role in helping learners find a supportive community, figure out how to learn new things,...
Increased investment and support across BRICS can be an incisive way to leverage the BRICS and serve as a counterpoint to...
Editors’ Note It is a widely shared notion that the post-Second World War multilateral order that had shaped global diplomacy over...
Editor’s Note The global fight against climate change is at a critical juncture, and any hope of achieving the 1.5-degree Paris...
NFTs are undoubtedly an opportunity for the present and the future of art, but they come with serious consequences This article...
Both partners should utilise existing diplomatic channels to enhance mutual security and cooperation This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit...
The challenge for policymakers is to identify the means necessary to tackle the threat China poses to security while also addressing...
We must have checks and balances on our technologists and on those who govern technology, especially in the case of DPGs...
Australia’s reformed policy towards China is not a turn to China; it’s a return to normality This article is part of...
American leaders must abandon their decades-long dream of achieving strategic convergence between the US and Pakistan This article is part of...
The need to adapt to the now inevitable impacts of climate change is becoming increasingly urgent. However, there is still a...
Introduction In November 2022, on the eve of India’s assumption of the G20 presidency, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the...
Global economic cooperation and recovery will be key to India’s G20 agenda This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2023...
We are publishing Raisina Files 2023 in what could be a year that shapes the rest of the century. The energy of a...
India’s role in preventing a Chinese takeover of Taiwan is the key to keeping the dragon in check in the region...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. Following Ikenberry (2020), it is easy to accept that,...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. The first quarter of the 21st century has seen tremendous...
The European Union (EU) and India must script the future together. The values that we cherish—indeed our very way of life—may...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. Advanced technology will have profound effects on the global...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. Technology is at the heart of contemporary geopolitics, shaping...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. On 24 February, Russian President Vladimir Putin decided to...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. For decades, trade has been an important driver for...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. A unicorn is a startup valued at...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. The United States-India strategic partnership—driven by the need to offset...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. The likelihood that you will lose your home to...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. An important feature of Japan’s current strategic policy is its concept...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. We are at the cusp and in the middle...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. How Art Corrupts Money Ten thousand paintings—seemingly identical—mimic...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. 11 March 2022 marked two years since the World Health Organisation...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. The primary contest for the future of the Indo-Pacific...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2022. In the eight years since the G20 established an official engagement...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. A circular economy is the opposite of a linear economy. According...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 Worldwide, there are more active conflicts today than at any time since...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded us that hygiene, sanitation and...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. This is a critical moment in history, and international climate...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. The Indo-Pacific is home to 65 percent of the world’s...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. Financial technology has revolutionised the global financial sector and has,...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has brought to the fore the...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. The world is on the cusp of a third World...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. The world continues to go through turbulent times, with the...
The Indo-Pacific region, which encompasses almost 40 countries and two-thirds of the world’s population, is also the location of contestation between...
The COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps the greatest humanitarian crisis of our time. Global in scope and wide-ranging in impact, it requires...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. The war in Ukraine is not just a kinetic war,...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. It was billed as Australia turning away from multilateralism. In 2019, fresh...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. When it comes to counterterrorism efforts, it is still the...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. Russia’s war in Ukraine—which was preceded by the announcement of...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022. In a disruptive global order upended by the pandemic, the...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 From the battlefields of Yemen and Ukraine to Syria, Armenia...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 During the Civil War, the US reached an inflexion point...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 There has been much debate over the years about the...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 The founding narrative of the European Union (EU)—to promote peace—has...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 The United Nations (UN) Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on Digital...
This article is part of the series—Raisina Edit 2022 As the unprovoked Russian invasion of Ukraine continues to unfold,...
This article is part of the series — Raisina Files 2021. Materials science is one of the most influential innovation...
The policy decision to decarbonise capital flows are important in driving the necessary shift towards a more sustainable and resilient global...
The message is clear — every state actor, big or small, will have to choose sides between two very different global...
While gender has been increasingly factored into international climate policy, progress in India has been slow. This article is part of...
Get the narrative on multilateralism right, and we have the possibility to harness international cooperation for global peace and prosperity; get...
As long as there are diverging interests, the larger goal of nuclear non-proliferation will struggle to be promoted. This article is...
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has created complexity in the international power model of state sovereignty. This article is part of the...
Online civic life across developing and developed countries has been adversely affected, with serious consequences to the offline world. This article...
Social media platforms were ostensibly conceived to democratise ideas, not stifle them. What is at stake is if the US’s friends...
The next few years will be critical to ensure the financial system is fit for purpose to deliver the financing needed...
Diplomacy is not often revolutionary. This does not fit well in a time that wants rapid change and immediate solutions to...
5G will likely become one of the foundational technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, enabling new applications in the realm of...
Industry in India has never grown to the levels the government has desired – either in contribution to GDP or to...
The Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and ZEIT-Stiftung are delighted to publish this compilation of essays titled, From Alpha Century to Viral...
It is almost as if we today face an impossible trinity: liberalism, democracy, and freedom. Once these three were assumed to...
If Europeans do not support more directly their participants in this race, they risk being taken over by third party contenders...
Standing at a key juncture in a historical rise, China needs to show the appeal of its ideas and establish deep...
Despite the hype, some of the biggest impacts from the use of AI and applied machine learning in the defence context...
For NATO to ensure its continued strength and relevance for years to come, it must get to the heart of the...
While social protection coverage has increased in many parts of the world, it is evident that many countries, both developed and...
Technology has as much potential to exacerbate as it does to mitigate the risks of terrorism. What takes place in the...
The WTO architecture, as it stands today, will experience varied changes, some quite deep. We will see a period of a...
With the rise of digital labour platforms, new forms of employment are emerging that deviate from the “standard employment relationship.” Emerging...
Gender disparity has wide and reverberating impacts across all pillars of society, including significant economic implications. When we invest in women...
EU’s new leaders should double down on updating Europe’s global digital agenda efforts. It is in its own self-interest, and crucially,...
Instead of seeing it as just another step forward for telecommunications, states must also view 5G’s strategic technology as critical national...
Why multilateralism is in such a mess today boils down to three reasons: disillusionment with globalisation, lacklustre narratives in support of...
India’s overarching development goal is to deliver sustainable prosperity to its people. Indians should be able to lead peaceful, fulfilling lives...
The growing importance of the Indian and Pacific Oceans have given new momentum to the ‘Indo-Pacific’ as a geostrategic construct. India,...
More than three years after the Paris Agreement was finalised at COP21, it is evident that the developing world is unlikely to...
Raisina Files 2019 unpacks new institutions and rules of the road in re-invigorated common spaces: will these guide the way forward into...
China presents a long term, multifaceted challenge to India: on the disputed border and India’s maritime periphery. The aim of this...
Over the years, India earned the epithet of a reluctant power in Asia — exuberant in its aspirations, yet guarded in its...
Raisina Files 2018 unpacks disruption and its interaction with global politics. Disruptive forces have been grouped along the lines of actors, processes,...
Line in the Waters looks at emerging security dynamics in the Southeast Asian littorals and their impact on Asian geopolitics and...
A broadly interconnected Asia sees the simultaneous rise of India and China as strong states and even stronger markets. New ideas...
Raisina Files is an annual property of ORF, a collection of essays that engage and provoke readers on key aspects of...
A conversation and an exploration of ideas, thoughts and opinions Introduction | Ashok Malik Contents: India and the Ideas...
